transforming principle การใช้

• Avery identified DNA as this transforming principle.
• The exact nature of the transforming principle ( DNA ) was verified in the experiments done by Hershey and Chase.
• Today, we know that the " transforming principle " Griffith observed was the DNA of the III-s strain bacteria.
• Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928, identified that some " transforming principle " in pneumococcal bacteria could transform them from one type to another.
• The progress of this research over the next three years is beautifully described in McCarty's memoir " The Transforming Principle ", written in the early 1980s
• Some biologists, including fellow Rockefeller Institute Fellow Alfred Mirsky, challenged Avery's finding that the transforming principle was pure DNA, suggesting that protein contaminants were instead responsible.
• After Dawson's departure in 1930, James Alloway took up the attempt to extend Griffith's findings, resulting in the extraction of aqueous solutions of the transforming principle by 1933.
• Griffith concluded that the type II-R had been " transformed " into the lethal III-S strain by a " transforming principle " that was somehow part of the dead III-S strain bacteria.
• Erwin Chargaff had shown that the base composition of DNA varies by species ( contrary to the tetranucleotide hypothesis ), and in 1952 Rollin Hotchkiss published his experimental evidence both confirming Chargaff's work and demonstrating the absence of protein in Avery's transforming principle.
• By early 1943, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty had shown that DNA was the transforming factor, and in February 1944, published the first of a series of scientific papers in the " Journal of Experimental Medicine " demonstrating that DNA was the transforming principle.